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Abigail (,〔"my father's joy", "my father rejoices", "my father is joy" (or similar); from either the verbal root ''g-y-l'' "to rejoice" directly, or from the root noun ''gil'' "rejoicing, joy". See: Adele Berlin in: Carol L. Meyers, Toni Craven, Ross Shepard Kraemer (eds.), ''Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2000, ( p. 43 )〕 spelled ''Abigal'' in in the American Standard Version but not in the King James Version) was the wife of Nabal; she became a wife of David after Nabal's death (1 Samuel ). Abigail is David's second wife, after Saul's daughter, Michal, whom Saul later married to Palti, son of Laish when David went into hiding. She became the mother of one of David's sons, who is listed in the Book of Chronicles under the name ''Daniel'', in the Masoretic Text of the Books of Samuel as ''Chileab,'' and in the Septuagint text of 2 Samuel 3:3 as Δαλουια, ''Dalouia''.〔(2 Samuel 3 ), LXX〕 ==Biblical history== In the passage from 1 Samuel, Nabal demonstrates ingratitude towards David, and Abigail attempts to placate David in order to stop him taking revenge. She gives him food, and speaks to him, urging him not to "have on his conscience the staggering burden of needless bloodshed" (verse 31, NIV) and reminding him that God will make him a "lasting dynasty" (verse 28). Jon Levenson calls this an "undeniable adumbration" of Nathan's prophecy in 2 Samuel 7.〔Jon D. Levenson, "1 Samuel 25 as Literature and History," ''CBQ'' 40 () 20.〕 Alice Bach notes that Abigail pronounces a "crucial prophecy,"〔Alice Bach, "(The Pleasure of Her Text )," ''Union Seminary Quarterly Review'' 43 () 44.〕 and the Talmud regards her as one of the Tanakh's seven female prophets.〔Megillah (14a )〕 Levenson, however, suggests that she "senses the drift of history" from intelligence rather than from special revelation.〔 After Abigail reveals to Nabal what she has done, "Yahweh struck Nabal and he died," (v.38), after which David married her. Abigail is described as intelligent and beautiful. The Talmud amplifies this idea, mentioning her as being one of the "four women of surpassing beauty in the world," (the other three being Rahab, Sarah, and Esther). As the wife of the wealthy Nabal, she is also a woman of high socioeconomic status. Whether David married her because he was attracted to her, or as an astute political move, or both is unclear.〔(Berlin, Adele. "Abigail: Bible", Jewish Women's Archive )〕 Abigail and David's third wife, Ahinoam the Jezreelite, accompany David and his war band when they seek refuge in Philistine territory. While David and his men were encamped near Jezreel, and when they are captured by Amalekites raided the town of Ziglak and carried off the women and children. David led the pursuit and they were subsequently rescued. Both wives then settle with David in Hebron, where Abigail gives birth to David’s second son, Chileab (also called Daniel).〔 Abigail is also listed as one of the seven Jewish women prophets, the other six being Miriam, Deborah, Hannah, Sarah, Huldah,and Esther.〔Megillah (15a )〕 In terms of her moral character, Abraham Kuyper argues that Abigail's conduct indicates "a most appealing character and unwavering faith,"〔Abraham Kuyper, ''Women of the Old Testament'' (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1941), 106.〕 but Alice Bach regards her as subversive.〔Alice Bach, "(The Pleasure of Her Text )," ''Union Seminary Quarterly Review'' 43 () 41.〕 Adele Berlin contrasts the story of Abigail with that of Bathsheba. In one, the wife prevents David from murdering her foolish and greedy husband. In the second, David orders the murder of a good man because he desires his wife. "In the Abigail story, David, the potential king, is seen as increasingly strong and virtuous, whereas in the Bathsheba story, the reigning monarch shows his flaws ever more overtly and begins to lose control of his family."〔 Levenson and Halpern suggest that Abigail may, in fact, also be the same person as Abigail, mother of Amasa.〔Jon D. Levenson and Baruch Halpern, "The Political Import of David's Marriages," ''JBL'' 99 () 511–512.〕 Richard M. Davidson, however, points out that "on the basis of the final form of Old Testament canon, references to Abigail in the biblical accounts indicate two different individuals." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abigail」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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